MOWA ZALEŻNA

 Materiały: Język angielski. Kalendarz ósmoklasisty, praca zbiorowa pod redakcją Anny  Kacmajor i Agaty Sulak, G.W.O.str. 134, 142-145.

REPORTED SPEECH


Mowy zależnej używamy, relacjonując czyjąś wypowiedź; najczęściej 
posługujemy się wtedy takimi czasownikami, jak: tell, say, promise, explain. 
Po czasowniku wprowadzającym możemy użyć spójnika "that" ("że") 
lub go pominąć, np.:
Mary said (that) she was very tired.
Mary powiedziała, że jest bardzo zmęczona.
Kiedy czasownik wprowadzający mowę zależną jest w czasie Past Simple,  
wówczas występuje następstwo czasów. 
 

Następujące czasowniki modalne ulegają zmianie w mowie zależnej:
may - might
can - could
must - had to

Zmianie nie podlegają poniższe  czasowniki modalne:

 
could
might
should
ought to

EXAMPLES - PRZYKŁADY


 
PRESENT SIMPLE - czasteraźniejszy prosty ----> PAST SIMPLE
"I am happy," she said.

She said (that) she was happy.
Ona powiedziała, że jest szczęśliwa. - MOWA ZALEŻNA

am -was
is - was
are - were
Pozostałe czasowniki zamieniamy na II formę.

"The kitten is cute," he said.
He said (that) the kitten WAS cute.'
On powiedział, że kotek jest uroczy.

"The flowers ARE lovely," mum said.
Mum said (that) the flowers WERE lovely.
Mama powiedziała, że te kwiatki są śliczne.


"She plays games all the time," Ben told me.
Ben told me she PLAYED games all the time.

"Anne goes jogging every morning," mum said.
Mum said Anne WENT jogging every morning.


PRESENT CONTINUOUS -------> PAST CONTINUOUS
"The sun is shining now,"she said.
She said the sun WAS shining THEN.

"The birds are singing beautifully TODAY," Sue said.
Sue said the birds WERE singing beautifully THAT DAY.

PRESENT PERFECT -----> PAST PAST PERFECT (HAD + III forma)

Podmiot + HAVE / HAS + III forma czasownika

"I HAVE ATTENDED this school for about 8 years"

She said she HAD ATTENDED that school for about 8 years.
Ona powiedziała, że uczęszcza do tej szkoły przez około 8 lat.


PAST SIMPLE ------> PAST PERFECT (HAD + III FORMA)

"WE WENT on a short excursion a week AGO"
Students said they HAD GONE on a short excursion
 a week BEFORE.

FUTURE SIMPLE -------> FUTURE IN THE PAST
Will -----> WOULD

I will ride a bike tomorrow.

Adaś said he WOULD ride a bike THE NEXT DAY.
Adaś powiedział, że będzie jeździć na rowerze  jutro.

PRESENT SIMPLE - czasteraźniejszy prosty ----> PAST SIMPLE
"I am happy," she said.

She said (that) she was happy.
Ona powiedziała, że jest szczęśliwa. - MOWA ZALEŻNA

am -was
is - was
are - were
Pozostałe czasowniki zamieniamy na II formę.

"The kitten is cute," he said.
He said (that) the kitten WAS cute.'
On powiedział, że kotek jest uroczy.

"The flowers ARE lovely," mum said.
Mum said (that) the flowers WERE lovely.
Mama powiedziała, że te kwiatki są śliczne.


"She plays games all the time," Ben told me.
Ben told me she PLAYED games all the time.

"Anne goes jogging every morning," mum said.
Mum said Anne WENT jogging every morning.


PRESENT CONTINUOUS -------> PAST CONTINUOUS
"The sun is shining now,"she said.
She said the sun WAS shining THEN.

"The birds are singing beautifully TODAY," Sue said.
Sue said the birds WERE singing beautifully THAT DAY.

PRESENT PERFECT -----> PAST PAST PERFECT (HAD + III forma)

Podmiot + HAVE / HAS + III forma czasownika

"I HAVE ATTENDED this school for about 8 years"

She said she HAD ATTENDED that school for about 8 years.
Ona powiedziała, że uczęszcza do tej szkoły przez około 8 lat.


PAST SIMPLE ------> PAST PERFECT (HAD + III FORMA)

"WE WENT on a short excursion a week AGO"
Students said they HAD GONE on a short excursion
 a week BEFORE.

FUTURE SIMPLE -------> FUTURE IN THE PAST
Will -----> WOULD

I will ride a bike tomorrow.

Adaś said he WOULD ride a bike THE NEXT DAY.
Adaś powiedział, że jutro będzie jeździć na rowerze.

 

Exercise
Zamień zdania na mowę zależną.


1. "I can't find my bag," she said.
She said (that) she couldn't find her bag.

2. "We got married six months ago," she said to us.

4. "I'll go shopping tomorrow," he said.

5. "I bought a new car last week," he said.

6. "We aren't doing anything next week," they said.

7.  " I can't go out tonight," she said to me.

8. "I forgot to pay the bill," he said.

9. "We've brought you a present," she said to me.

10. "I'll phone you tomorrow," she said to Peter.


PYTANIA, POLECENIA i PROŚBY W MOWIE ZALEŻNEJ




Exercise 1
Przekształć zdania na mowę zależną. Zacznij od I asked if.
1. "Can Mary operate a computer?"
2. "Were they at the party last weekend?"
3. "Have you seen Sue?"
4. "Is it his skateboard?"
5. "Did John play squash on Saturday?"
6. "Is she going to buy this new record?"
7. "Will they come round?"

Exercise 2
Zapisz polecenia w mowie zależnej.
1. She told him: "Don't look at me like that."
2. The policeman ordered me: "Don't park here."
3. The policeman ordered me: "Show me your identity card."
4. The teacher told us: "Stop copying."
5. She told the student: "Wait outside the classroom."
6. The doctor told me: "Take two pills a day."
7. My brother told me: "Don't disturb me."
8. Ma parents told me: "Don't drive too fast."


  Exercise 3
Podane polecenia i prośby zapisz w mowie zależnej, zaczynając 

od They told me lub They asked me.

 
1. Don't read a book at dinner.
2. Don't watch TV late at night.
3. Please, don't play a ball in your room.
4. Will you remember to put on a cap when it's cold, please?
5. Please, wear a uniform at school.
6. Will you brush your teeth every day, please?
7. Could you call us if you want to stay longer with your friends, please? 

 

Materiały: Język angielski. Kalendarz ósmoklasisty, praca zbiorowa pod redakcją Anny  Kacmajor i Agaty Sulak, G.W.O. str. 142-145.
 

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